After that, the Kaiser supposedly said “That is the gun – There is no other.”. Then, after 1863, it was improved with only 37 barrels, 11×70mmR centerfire ammunition[6] and the weapon's placement on a wheeled artillery carriage. The mitrailleuse is also reported to have been used by the Mexican Federal Forces against the Yaqui Indians under the command of Cajemé José Maria Leyva, a prominent leader of his people from 1874 to 1887. If the mount had been one with a free traverse and properly counterbalanced elevation control, I’m quite sure that the Mitrailleuse would have been more effective than on an artillery carriage.

The different variants of the mitrailleuse concept were distinguished by their number of barrels and their different calibers, as the following table summarizes.

was initially made by casting a cannon-like barrel “blank”, and then boring and rifling the barrels through it. The result, as you might expect, was that most such unis died without contributing much to the battles the were sent into. And since the French didn’t employ it properly (as short range support), said Mitrailleuse unit could not reply effectively. It was followed by the Belgian Montigny mitrailleuse in 1863.

It was an improved version of the " Mitrailleuse ", (English: Grapeshot shooter) invented by Belgian Captain Fafschamps in 1851 which was a fixed 50-barrelled volley gun. Author unknown 127 Chinese officers with Montigny Mitrailleuse, https://www.alamy.com/english-chinese-officers-with-montigny-mitrailleuse-circa-1880-french-print-author-unknown-127-chinese-officers-with-montigny-mitrailleuse-image188244317.html, https://www.alamy.com/english-chinese-officers-with-montigny-mitrailleuse-circa-1880-french-print-author-unknown-127-chinese-officers-with-montigny-mitrailleuse-image187692956.html, . Reffye mitrailleuse Le Général Duchand ("Canon à balles modèle 1866"), 1867. However, I have no drawing showing how this might have worked, and a scattering device is not shown in the animation. When the books were published (1871), a salvo was fired by turning a firing crank on the right-hand side of the lock mechanism through one complete revolution, however, by 1874, Owen [m7] states that the firing crank had been replaced by a lever. OK, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology By Ian McNeil, p.985. In Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian it is mitraljez, and in Albanian a machine gun is referred to as mitraloz.

[Wikipedia, m6]. https://www.alamy.com/chinese-officers-with-montigny-mitrailleuse-image259745773.html. Willie [m5] notes that to achieve a high rate of sustained fire, it would be necessary to have a large number of pre-loaded cartridge plates. A Reffye mitrailleuse position being stormed during the Franco-Prussian war. It has been suggested that the relative slowness displayed by the French services to adopt machine guns was the result of wariness occasioned by the failure of the mitrailleuse. [3] The system was improved during the 1850s by Louis Christophe and the Belgian engineer Joseph Montigny, with the completion of the 37-barrel Montigny mitrailleuse in 1863.

The breechloaders only became really practical, and showed their true superiority in ROF, when recoil systems (spring, hydraulic, etc.) It should be noted that engravings showed the guns equiped with steel shields to protect the gunners. The first "mitrailleuse" was a manually fired 50-barrel volley gun originally developed in Belgium in 1851 by the Belgian Army Captain Fafschamps, who made a rough prototype and drawings of his invention.

This applies to every period in history and to all categories of human endeavour, not just those associated with weapons and firearms.


The earliest true "mitrailleuse" was invented in 1851 by Belgian Army Captain Fafschamps, 10 years before the advent of the Gatling gun.

Due to a fear of spies, test guns were concealed in tents while being fired at distant targets.

Detailed instruction manuals had been printed in January 1870, but had only been distributed at the very beginning of the hostilities. You are quite correct, Martin. The mitrailleuse performed mechanically with remarkable efficiency and much was expected of it in a combat situation.

When the lever is fully down, the steel breech plate will be forcing the cartridge carrier hard up against the rear of the barrel. The illustrations in Willie’s book [m5] show not only the Montigny mitrailleuse, but also the Reffey gun of 1867 and the 1865 model of the Gatling gun.

Mitrailleuse is a general French term that has been used to identify a specific battlefield weapon relying on multiple barrels. The Montigny and De Reffye model did indeed have the barrels made one at a time, then put together in a cluster inside a casing. Enjoy what you read on Forgotten Weapons?
Currently, makineli tüfek (machine rifle) is considered the accepted term. https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-the-montigny-mitrailleuse-was-an-early-type-of-crank-operated-machine-122575273.html, Montigny mitrailleuse, rapid fire gun introduced by French during the Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871. Not just French referring this senonym,Yugoslavians also call their machine guns Mitralleuse such as M53 or PKM version…. Author unknown 109 Chinese officers with Montigny Mitrailleuse, https://www.alamy.com/english-chinese-officers-with-montigny-mitrailleuse-circa-1880-french-print-author-unknown-109-chinese-officers-with-montigny-mitrailleuse-image188957774.html, .

The first "mitrailleuse" was a manually fired 50-barrel volley gun originally developed in Belgium in 1851 by the Belgian Army Captain Fafschamps, who made a rough prototype and drawings of his invention. The Montigny mitrailleuse was an early type of crank-operated machine-gun developed by the Belgian gun works of Joseph Montigny between 1859 and 1870.

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