The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (2020) 13:4075–88. WL consulted and revised the manuscript. Among the cells in gastric cancer TME, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are two predominant elements, and their cross talk has been shown to immensely contribute to the development and progression of tumor growth and metastasis (9, 10). Cell Immunol.

Cancer Res. Epub 2020 Jun 26. However, novel targets within the networks of non-tumor cells are still urgently needed for enhancing the clinical efficacy of gastric cancer treatments. In particular, MSCs play an important role in the immunoregulation of immune cells (such as TAMs and neutrophils) resulting in the generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment (14).

2020 Apr;111(4):1047-1057. doi: 10.1111/cas.14346. Hybrid Nanoplasmonic Porous Biomaterial Scaffold for Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics Using Extracellular Vesicles. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are two representative cells in the TME with plastic properties. Tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of distinct cell types including stromal cells and immune cells has recently emerged as a pivotal player in tumor development and progression. USA.gov. The study of these interactions is a fertile ground of investigation that--as already demonstrated in the case of myeloma--should lead to novel therapeutic approaches in cancer.

Fregni G, Quinodoz M, Möller E, Vuille J, Galland S, Fusco C, et al. It was reported that MSCs isolated from the primary ovarian tissue could enhance the proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenesis of cancer cells by secreting high levels of IL-6 (23). In this review, we discuss the role of BM-MSC in many steps in tumor progression, focusing on the factors that attract BM-MSC to tumors, BM-MSC differentiation ability, the role of BM-MSC in tumor support or inhibition, the immunomodulation promoted by BM-MSC and metastatic niche formation by these cells. (2019) 79:4557–66.

Keywords:

(2016) 7:1815–23. Fibroblasts can be activated in tissue repair and TME. Reciprocal modulation of mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cellspromotes lung cancer metastasis. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S216355, 69. Front Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900692, 48. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.

2009 Feb 15;69(4):1255-8. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3562.

2007;(180):263-83. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68976-8_12.

(2018) 14:493–507. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error.

Among several cell types that constitute the tumor stroma, the discovery that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have a strong tropism for tumors has achieved notoriety in recent years. Stem Cell Res Ther. Anti-proliferative effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from multiple sources on ovarian cancer cell lines: an in-vitro experimental study. Although MSCs have the capacity to home to tumor beds from the earliest stage of cancer, they still have poor survival ability and transitory persistence within the TME of tumor tissue (56). ACS Sens. Trends Immunol. Annu Rev Pathol. (2019) 29:212–26. MSC-secreted TGF-β could skew LPS-simulated macrophage polarization into an M2-like phenotype, reduce the inflammatory reactions, and improve the phagocytic ability via the Akt/FoxO1 pathway (58). To explain this controversy of MSCs’ role in cancer biology, various evidences have emerged such as the heterogeneity of MSC preparations, the age or health of the MSC donor, or the experimental model (28, 29). Print 2013. Mesenchymal stem cells in the colorectal tumor microenvironment: recent progress and implications. Keywords: (2019) 12:76. doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0760-3, 11.

 |  Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underling the regulation of TAMs on MSCs’ transition has also drawn much attention at present. NIH doi: 10.1002/stem.2942, 66. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001332, 50. Tumor progression is a multistep phenomenon in which tumor-associated stromal cells perform an intricate cross-talk with tumor cells, supplying appropriate signals that may promote tumor aggressiveness. Mo M, Wang S, Zhou Y, Li H, Wu Y. Mesenchymal stem cell subpopulations: phenotype, property and therapeutic potential. 2012 Jul 1;131(1):1-7. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27458.

In another report, the release of EVs was also adopted by MSCs as a modulator in inducing the polarization of TAMs. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.017, 67. TNFSF14: LIGHTing the Way for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.

Franco da Cunha F, Andrade-Oliveira V, Candido de Almeida D, Borges da Silva T, Naffah de Souza Breda C, Costa CM, et al. 2020 Aug;53(8):e12859. PLoS One. Furthermore, MSCs could be recruited towards tumor sites and influence tumor survival, although the effect remains contradictory. As the microenvironment where tumor cells exist in, TME is composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels, stromal cells (such as fibroblast, pericytes, and adipocytes), immune/inflammatory cells (such as lymphocytes and macrophages), extracellular matrix (ECM), secreted proteins, RNA, and small organelles (4). doi: 10.1111/cpr.12865. Lo Sicco C, Reverberi D, Balbi C, Ulivi V, Principi E, Pascucci L, et al. Front Immunol. Recently, increasing attention has been drawn on the EVs as another non-contact modality for mediating the immunoregulatory effect of MSCs on TAMs.
2020 Jul 16;12:5857-5879. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S258215. In the TME of gastric cancer, cross talk between MSCs and TAMs provides a pro-tumor microenvironment by promoting the EMT process and metastasis of gastric cancer cells, as well as the immune escape and immunotherapy resistance in gastric cancer treatments. The editor and reviewers' affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. NLM Another research demonstrated that EVs from hypoxia-pre-challenged MSCs can promote the growth and mobility of cancer cells as well as macrophage polarization via miR-21-5p delivery (62).

Eble JA, Niland S. The extracellular matrix in tumor progression and metastasis. Epub 2008 Mar 20. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. eCollection 2020. Therapeutic potential of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal niches of bone marrow in cancer. J Cell Biochem. Biochimie. CSC Radioresistance: A Therapeutic Challenge to Improve Radiotherapy Effectiveness in Cancer. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.07.012, 78. (2017) 6:2115–25.

Further work is required to delineate the complex crosstalk between MSCs and other components of the TME to accurately assess the impact of MSCs on cancer initiation, growth, and spread. (2019) 18:55. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-0965-7, 8. de Looff M, de Jong S, Kruyt FAE. Reis M, Mavin E, Nicholson L, Green K, Dickinson AM, Wang XN. The interactions between tumor cells and the non-malignant stromal and immune cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical to the pathophysiology of cancer. CT-Imaging Based Analysis of Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Ground Glass Nodules Using Peri- and Intra-nodular Radiomic Features. In gastric cancer, tumor tissue-derived MSCs could prompt tumor growth and metastasis through the secretion of IL-8 (25). Intraperitoneal cancer-immune microenvironment promotes peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. Meng L, Zhao Y, Bu W, Li X, Liu X, Zhou D, Chen Y, Zheng S, Lin Q, Liu Q, Sun H. Cell Prolif.

J Exp Clin Cancer Res.

Cancer Cell. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.

These cells have the potential to give rise to a variety of mesenchymal cells like osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and muscle cells. (2015) 6:143. doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0144-8, 30. (2016) 14:302. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-1057-8, 25. Yin S, Huang J, Li Z, Zhang J, Luo J, Lu C, et al. Internalization of MSC-EVs by TAMs significantly elicited their switch from M1 to M2 phenotype, conformed by a downregulation of the M1 marker Nos2 and an increased expression of the putative M2 markers Arg1, Ym1, and CD206 (63). doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.02.015, 81. 2014 Jul 24;33(30):4016-20. doi: 10.1038/onc.2013.387.

Coffman LG, Pearson AT, Frisbie LG, Freeman Z, Christie E, Bowtell DD, Buckanovich RJ. Hitherto, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of MSC transition from BM-MSCs to tumor-derived MSCs have not been clearly elucidated.
Another study also demonstrated that TAMs could induce the activation and polarization of MSCs, which subsequently contributed to the development and progression of gastric cancer (Figure 1) (15). Due to the heterogeneity of TAMs, the inherent plasticity in their biology and phenotype classification suggests a complex role of macrophages in the distinct stages of cancer (35). doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3962, 6. IGF-1C domain-modified hydrogel enhances therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for hindlimb ischemia.

Whether …

Primarily, MSC1 had an antitumor effect, whereas MSC2 could promote tumor growth and metastasis, which is similar to the conventional MSCs (31). Commonly, tumor macrophages are broadly classified as either M1 (classic) or M2 (alternative) activated subset. (2018) 19:1658. doi: 10.3390/ijms19061658, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 3. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. MSCs have been reported to support tumor … (2017) 35:766–76. (2019) 17:747–56. Kim SY, Nair MG. Macrophages in wound healing: activation and plasticity. Moreover, bidirectional interactions between the distinct components of TME have been proved to regulate many aspects of cancer biology (8).

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