Fillmore's place in history has also suffered because "even those who give him high marks for his support of the compromise have done so almost grudgingly, probably because of his Know-Nothing candidacy in 1856. The American enthusiasm for Kossuth petered out, and he departed for Europe. [77], Through 1849, slavery was an unresolved issue in the territories. Cuba was a Spanish slave colony. Though he had little formal schooling, he rose from poverty by diligent study to become a successful attorney. [136] Fillmore commanded the Union Continentals, a corps of home guards of males over the age of 45 from Upstate New York. [c] Millard then also became interested in politic, and the rise of the Anti-Masonic Party in the late 1820s provided his initial attraction and entry. [39] By 1836, Fillmore was confident enough of anti-Jackson unity that he accepted the Whig nomination for Congress. [87] Fillmore received another letter after he had become president. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/abigail-fillmore-4433.php [105], The final months of Fillmore's term were uneventful. The memorial stone was placed by the Abigail Fillmore Chapter, National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, of Buffalo. She founded a library in her house and spent most of her time reading. [20], In 1821, Fillmore turned 21 and so reached adulthood. At age 55 Abigail died just 26 days after leaving the White House, on March 30, 1853, at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C., the shortest post-Presidential life of any former first lady. [166], Statue by Bryant Baker at Buffalo City Hall, Buffalo, New York, 1930. In 1819, she took a teaching post at the new academy in New Hope, where her oldest pupil was 19-year-old Millard Fillmore. [36] Fillmore supported building infrastructure by voting in favor of navigation improvements on the Hudson River and constructing a bridge across the Potomac River. [59] With a united party at his back, Fillmore won by 38,000 votes, the largest margin that a Whig candidate for statewide office would ever achieve in New York. The Whigs nominated him anyway, but he refused the nomination. The Know Nothing convention chose Andrew Jackson Donelson of Kentucky to be Fillmore's running mate, the nephew by marriage and once a ward of President Jackson.

Tired of Washington life and the conflict that had revolved around Tyler, Fillmore sought to return to his life and law practice in Buffalo. [k] The American Party ticket narrowly lost in several southern states, and a change of fewer than 8,000 votes in Louisiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee would have thrown the election to the House of Representatives, where the sectional divide would have made the outcome uncertain. [1], Fillmore sent a special message to Congress on August 6, 1850; disclosed the letter from Governor Bell and his reply; warned that armed Texans would be viewed as intruders; and urged Congress to defuse sectional tensions by passing the Compromise. Abigail continued to teach for more than a year after the wedding, but after becoming pregnant with the first of two children, she turned her focus to her husband’s career. [82], July 4, 1850 was a very hot day in Washington, and President Taylor, who attended the Fourth of July ceremonies to lay the cornerstone of the Washington Monument, refreshed himself, likely with cold milk and cherries. An alliance between the incoming administration and the Weed machine was soon under way behind Fillmore's back. [69] Taylor and Fillmore corresponded twice in September, with Taylor happy that the crisis over the South Carolinians was resolved. According to the historian Smith, "they generously supported almost every conceivable cause. At the time, Congress convened its annual session in December and so Fillmore had to wait more than a year after his election to take his seat. © 2020 A&E Television Networks, LLC. [135] He decried Buchanan's inaction as states left the Union and wrote that although the federal government could not coerce a state, those advocating secession should simply be regarded as traitors.

The president-elect mistakenly thought that the vice president was a cabinet member, which was not true in the 19th century. [116] He is also quoted as saying that he "lacked the benefit of a classical education" and so could not understand the Latin text of the diploma. Though her proposal did not pass, both became friends, met in person, and continued to correspond well after Fillmore's presidency. In 1825, she returned to Sempronius to resume her regular teaching. An intensely private woman, Bess reluctantly agreed to attend political events with her husband throughout his career. After peace was restored, he supported the Reconstruction policies of US President Andrew Johnson. Throughout his career, Fillmore declared slavery an evil but that it was beyond the powers of the federal government. [109] He was bereaved again on July 26, 1854, when his only daughter, Mary, died of cholera. "[55] Clay was beaten as well. The Lincoln administration saw the speech as an attack on it that could not be tolerated in an election year, and Fillmore was criticized in many newspapers and was called a Copperhead and even a traitor. [110], The former president ended his seclusion in early 1854, as debate over Senator Douglas's Kansas–Nebraska Bill embroiled the nation. [125] Scarry suggested that the events of 1856, including the conflict in Kansas Territory and the caning of Charles Sumner on the floor of the Senate, polarized the nation and made Fillmore's moderate stance obsolete. The 1851 completion of the Erie Railroad in New York prompted Fillmore and his cabinet to ride the first train from New York City to the shores of Lake Erie, in the company with many other politicians and dignitaries.

[151] Steven G. Calabresi and Christopher S. Yoo, in their study of presidential power, deemed Fillmore "a faithful executor of the laws of the United States—for good and for ill."[152] However, according to Smith, the enforcement of the Act has given Fillmore an undeserved pro-southern reputation. Many Americans were sympathetic to the Hungarian rebels, especially recent German immigrants, who were now coming in large numbers and had become a major political force. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. He actually came within one vote of it while he maneuvered to get the nomination for his supporter, John Young, who was elected. Fillmore was angered when President Polk vetoed a river and harbors bill that would have benefited Buffalo,[57] and he wrote, "May God save the country for it is evident the people will not. In 1817 she became a full-time teacher and in 1819 she took on another teaching job and began to teach at the private New Hope Academy. She was born on March 13, 1798 in Stillwater, New York to Reverend Lemuel Powers, a Baptist minister, and his wife, Abigail Newland Powers. They remained married until Millard's death on March 8, 1874. [128], The historian Allan Nevins wrote that Fillmore was not a Know Nothing or a nativist. "[94], A longtime supporter of national infrastructure development, Fillmore signed bills to subsidize the Illinois Central railroad from Chicago to Mobile, and for a canal at Sault Ste. He did not seek re-election in 1831.[27][29]. Webster was far more unhappy at the outcome than was Fillmore, who refused the secretary's resignation. The first first lady to work outside of the home, she met her future husband while she was his teacher at a school in New York state. They were married in 1858, five years after he left office. [163][164] On February 18, 2010, the United States Mint released the thirteenth coin in the Presidential $1 Coin Program, bearing Fillmore's likeness.[148][165]. [1] Harrison was expected to go along with anything Clay and other congressional Whig leaders who were proposed, but Harrison died on April 4, 1841. According to the assessment of Fillmore by the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia: Any assessment of a President who served a century and a half ago must be refracted through a consideration of the interesting times in which he lived. [88] Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas then stepped to the fore, with Clay's agreement, proposing to break the Omnibus Bill into individual bills that could be passed piecemeal. [56], In 1846, Fillmore was involved in the founding of what is now the University at Buffalo (earlier the University of Buffalo), became its first chancellor, and served until his death in 1874. Taylor had written to him and promised influence in the new administration. When the Anti-Masons did not nominate him for a second term in 1834, Fillmore declined the Whig nomination since he sas that the two parties would split the anti-Jackson vote and elect the Democrat.

Horace Greeley wrote privately that "my own first choice has long been Millard Fillmore," and others thought Fillmore should try to win back the governor's mansion for the Whigs. Weed and Seward backed Scott. Thus Fillmore not only achieved his legislative goal but also managed to isolate Tyler politically. Meanwhile Abigail was drawn towards books and reading which eventually developed into a lifelong love for learning. Millard Fillmore, 13th president of the United States, built this simple clapboard one and one-half story house in East Aurora, New York in 1826. As First Lady, the public was aware that she was educated and had worked as a teacher.

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