Poland has also emerged as a major hub for video game developers in Europe, with the country now being home to hundreds of studios.

importers of Poland's 2012 exports, graph. According to the results of the 2011 census, 28.4% of the Polish population lives in 39 localities with at least 100,000 inhabitants. State subsidised healthcare is available to all Polish citizens who are covered by this general health insurance program.

Poland has a number of international airports, the largest of which is Warsaw Chopin Airport, the primary global hub for LOT Polish Airlines. In December 2014, Poland began to implement high–speed rail routes connecting major Polish cities,[219] and started passenger service using the New Pendolino train, operating at 200 km/h on the Central Rail Line (CMK). The new Constitution introduced political equality between townspeople and the nobility (szlachta), and placed the peasants under the protection of the government. [73] By the late 1930s, due to increased threats posed by political extremism inside the country, the Polish government became increasingly heavy-handed, banning a number of radical organizations, including communist and ultra-nationalist political parties, which threatened the stability of the country. In the 19th century, throughout partitioned Poland, numerous amateur inventors, such as Kazimierz Prószyński, were eager to construct a film projector. [304] Other institutions such as the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw were more innovative and focused on both historical and contemporary styles. Many designs imitated the arcaded courtyard and arched loggias of the Wawel palace.

Poland is the first European country and second country overall to have written a constitution, although the constitution has changed (as recently as 1997). Historically, Polish literature concentrated extensively around the themes of true drama and poetic-expressive romanticism than on fiction. In the mid-1500s, united Poland was the largest state in Europe and perhaps the continent’s most powerful nation. Poland, country of central Europe.

Major cities normally have the status of both gmina and powiat.

[74], As a subsequent result of the Munich Agreement in 1938, Czechoslovakia ceded to Poland the small 350 sq mi Zaolzie region.

[126] The first historically documented ruler of Poland, Duke Mieszko I, had his palace on an island in the Warta River in Poznań. +1 (212) 419-5770 Starting in 1648, the Cossack Khmelnytsky Uprising engulfed the south and east, eventually leaving Ukraine divided, with the eastern part, lost by the Commonwealth, becoming a dependency of the Tsardom of Russia. The History of Distribution, Exhibition and Reception", "The Quietus – Film – Film Reviews – Peasant Company Excepted: Andrzej Wajda's The Promised Land", "Polish game developers: It's time to get to know them better!

The profuse decorations of the Branicki Palace in Warsaw are characteristic of the rococo style.

[210] There are over 100 castles in the country, many in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship and along the popular Trail of the Eagles' Nests. "Always home-made, tomato soup is one of the first things a Polish cook learns to prepare." By the turn of the 21st century, Poland was a market-based democracy, abundant in products of all kinds and a member of both NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the European Union (EU), allied more strongly with western Europe than with eastern Europe but, as always, squarely between them.

At its foot lie the mountain lakes of Czarny Staw pod Rysami (Black Lake below Mount Rysy) and Morskie Oko (the Eye of the Sea), both naturally-made tarns.[121]. Notable Polish sportspeople include Zbigniew Boniek, Irena Szewińska, Agnieszka Radwańska, Justyna Kowalczyk, Robert Lewandowski, Kamil Stoch and Anita Włodarczyk. Despite widespread objections, the new Polish government accepted the Soviet annexation of the pre-war eastern regions of Poland[112] (in particular the cities of Wilno and Lwów) and agreed to the permanent garrisoning of Red Army units on Poland's territory. At the insistence of Joseph Stalin, the Yalta Conference sanctioned the formation of a new provisional pro-Communist coalition government in Moscow, which ignored the Polish government-in-exile based in London. The second highest mountain group in Poland is the Beskids, whose highest peak is Babia Góra, at 1,725 metres (5,659 ft). The most visited city is Kraków, which was the former capital of Poland and serves as a relic of the Polish Golden Age and the Renaissance. [156] Rape, assault and violent crime remain at a very low level. The new units range in area from less than 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi) for Opole Voivodeship to more than 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) for Masovian Voivodeship.

Passenger ferries link Poland with Scandinavia all year round; these services are provided from Gdańsk and Świnoujście by Polferries, Stena Line from Gdynia and Unity Line from the Świnoujście.

[228], The public postal service in Poland is operated by Poczta Polska (the Polish Post).

[240], There is a very strong Polish diaspora around the world, notably in the United States, Germany, United Kingdom and Canada. Telephone Exchange: +48 22 608 30 00 In addition to these general channels, TVP runs a number of genre-specific programmes such as TVP Sport, TVP Historia, TVP Kultura, TVP Rozrywka, TVP Seriale and TVP Polonia, the latter is a state-run channel dedicated to the transmission of Polish language television for the Polish diaspora abroad. Poland's banking sector has approximately 5 national banks, a network of nearly 600 cooperative banks and 18 branches of foreign-owned banks. In 2017, the nation had 18,513 kilometres (11,503 mi) of railway track, the third longest in Europe after Germany and France. However, all voivodeships have their own general hospital (most have more than one), all of which are obliged to have a trauma centre; these types of hospital, which are able to deal with almost all medical problems are called 'regional hospitals' (Szpital Wojewódzki). [305] In recent years, art academies such as the Kraków School of Art and Fashion Design, Art Academy of Szczecin, University of Fine Arts in Poznań and Geppert Academy of Fine Arts in Wrocław gained much recognition. Poles then voted to join the European Union in a referendum in June 2003, with Poland becoming a full member on 1 May 2004. The main course usually includes a serving of meat, such as roast, chicken, or kotlet schabowy (breaded pork cutlet), vegetables, side dishes and salads, including surówka [suˈrufka] – shredded root vegetables with lemon and sugar (carrot, celeriac, seared beetroot) or sauerkraut (Polish: kapusta kiszona, pronounced [kaˈpusta kʲiˈʂɔna]).

Eventually, after several battles the uprising was suppressed by the Prussians, and the Grand Duchy of Posen was more completely incorporated into Prussia. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [251] Official recognition of a language provides certain rights under conditions prescribed by Polish law, including education and state financial support for promoting that language. Phytogeographically, Poland belongs to the Central European province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom.

Poland, Stats source: [202] The country's largest firms compose the WIG30 index, which is traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In addition to the lake districts in the north (in Masuria, Pomerania, Kashubia, Lubuskie, and Greater Poland), there are also many mountain lakes in the Tatras, of which the Morskie Oko is the largest in area. In addition to these roles, the ministry is tasked with the maintenance of standards of hygiene and patient care. Łebsko and Jamno. The particular clothing styles in Poland evolved with each century. The Polish capital Warsaw and its historical Old Town were entirely reconstructed after wartime destruction. The lake districts form part of the Baltic Ridge, a series of moraine belts along the southern shore of the Baltic Sea.

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