Selection for these squads is made in the spring of each school year. It would be wrong to say that the Court today slices these distinctions too thin: there is in fact no distinction for the slicing. Finally, because the Act applies only to public secondary schools that receive federal financial assistance, § 4071(a), a school district seeking to escape the statute's obligations could simply forgo federal funding. U.S. 226, 252]. Congress' [p238] use of the phrase "directly related" implies that student groups directly related to the subject matter of courses offered by the school do not fall within the "noncurriculum related" category, and would therefore be considered "curriculum related.". Id. Either of those definitions is perfectly "sensible," because both describe subjects "that are not related to the body of courses offered by the school." Conversely, where a school such as Westside regards its student clubs as a mechanism for defining and transmitting fundamental values, the inclusion of a religious club in the school's program will almost certainly signal school endorsement of the religious practice. Opportunities in the classroom and in our pool are made available for students involved in this activity.
See Laycock, 81 Nw.U.L. (1981); see also Bender v. Williamsport Area School Dist., 563 F. Supp. In light of the ambiguity which it concedes to exist in both the statutory text and the legislative history, the Court has an obligation to adopt an equally reasonable Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School Dist. These cases, however, involve only schools which either desire to recognize religious student groups or [p279] schools which, like the University of Missouri at Kansas City, purport to exclude religious groups from a forum that is otherwise conceded to be open. See ante, at 240 (discussing the student government). By inference, however, the fact that the descriptions of student activities such as Subsurfers and chess do not include such references strongly suggests that those clubs do not, by the school's own admission, directly relate to the curriculum. County of Allegheny, supra, at 659. Rec. of Grand Rapids v. Ball, The student government clubs "advance the goals of the School's political science classes by providing an understanding and appreciation of government processes." Students at Westside High School are permitted to join various student groups and clubs, all of which meet after school hours on school premises. U.S. 624 . The entry of religious clubs into such a realm poses a real danger that those clubs will be viewed as part of the school's effort to inculcate fundamental values. In those circumstances, we concluded that granting religious organizations similar access to the public forum would have neither the purpose nor the primary effect of advancing religion. Because the bill that led to the Act was extensively rewritten in a series of multilateral negotiations after it was passed by the House and reported out of committee by the Senate, the committee reports shed no light on the language actually adopted. It is the latter, not the former, kind of religious intention that is at issue here. This word, however, puts Senator Levin in square opposition to the Court's reading of the Act. Any student with an interest is encouraged to become a member. schools to encourage students to become well rounded as student-worshippers. 19222 (1984) (statement of Sen. Leahy). In addition, Board Policy 5450 recognizes its students' "Freedom of Expression," consistent with the authority of the board. Specifically, petitioners maintain that because the school's recognized student activities are an integral part of its educational mission, official recognition of respondents' proposed club would effectively incorporate religious activities into the school's official program, endorse participation in the religious club, and provide U.S. 668, 690  

Congress may make similar judgments, and has sometimes done so, finding it necessary to regulate public education in order to achieve important national goals. Their responsibility is to provide ideas, make suggestions, and serve as one informational group to the staff and administration for student government. A list of student groups, together with a brief description of each provided by the school, appears in the Appendix to this opinion. at 18-19. Conversely, if a high school decides to allow political groups to use its facilities, it plainly cannot discriminate among controversial groups because it agrees with the positions of some and disagrees with the ideas advocated by others. In the same month the Act was passed, the Court of Appeals' opinion in Bender closed the circle by using "limited open forum" to describe the First Amendment status of both the college forum in Widmar and the high school forum in Bender.

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