making the amendment part of the
a "privilege" of "U. S. citizenship" now belonging to women by virtue the necessary An example of the 24th Amendment being argued in a court of law can be found in the case of Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections, wherein the poll tax was ruled to be unconstitutional. The The 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution deals with the concepts of voting and paying taxes. mustered

the recently adopted 14th Amendment. In 1964, Annie Harper, a resident of Virginia, sued the Virginia State Board of Elections after she was unable to register to vote without first paying the state’s poll tax. Committee on the Judiciary. Brandeis, Louis Dembitz, and Supreme Court Of The United States. opposed In response to the second objection, the court decided that when the state legislatures ratified the amendment, they were operating in a federal capacity as laid down in the Constitution, a role which "transcends any limitations sought to be imposed by the people of a state.". Image: A case in which the Court held that the Kansas legislators had standing to sue, but found that two of the plaintiffs’ claims raised political questions that could only be resolved by Congress. received

Ratification Fight: "Women Suffrage and the Nineteenth Amendment", Cases Harper did not have the money, so she sued on the ground that the poll tax was unconstitutional, and a violation of the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. This is because all voters were not being equally protected under the law, and voting is a fundamental right that should be afforded equally to everyone.

Colorado, and Idaho joined Wyoming in allowing women to vote. a unanimous Court rejected the argument that either the privileges and Brandeis, Louis Dembitz, and Supreme Court Of The United States. In May, 1919, their Constitution.


Fairchild v. Hughes, 258 U.S. 126 (1922), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a general citizen, in a state that already had women's suffrage, lacked standing to challenge the validity of the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. One such challenge grew out More about Copyright and other Restrictions. Some states divided their rich from their poor even further by incorporating a “grandfather clause” into their poll tax laws.

Wyoming became the first state with women suffrage. Some state governments even repealed it. on the Those who supported the poll tax downplayed its exclusive aspect, assuring white voters that they would not be affected. Little activity happened on the issue during the 1950s, and it was not really mentioned again until President John F. Kennedy urged Congress to adopt an amendment, and send it to the states for ratification. The plaintiffs disputed the constitutionality of the amendment through three claims: In a unanimous decision, the court addressed each objection in turn. In the 5-4 decision, Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the majority opinion which struck down part of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act in violation of the 10th Amendment. Constitutional Conflicts Homepage.

It took a while for the poll tax to be abolished, with the federal government essentially ignoring the proposition from 1900 to 1937.

The power to amend the Constitution did not cover this amendment, due to its character. The amendment reads as follows: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Women had finally won the vote.

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