Scientists are already using stem cells in the laboratory to screen new drugs and to develop model systems to study normal growth and identify the causes of birth defects. doi: 10.1126/science.276.5309.71. -, Bianco P, Riminucci M, Gronthos S, Robey PG. Cells Tissues Organs. Herein we have characterized mesenchymal stem cell properties of SHED in comparison to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs).

Oral Dis. Stromal cells responsible for transferring the microenvironment of the hemopoietic tissues.

Blood. Epub 2013 Mar 6. Epub 2016 Aug 20. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have been identified as a population of postnatal stem cells capable of differentiating into osteogenic and odontogenic cells, adipogenic cells, and neural cells. 2020 Jun 3;75:e1656. Laboratory studies of stem cells enable scientists to learn about the cells’ essential properties and what makes them different from specialized cell types. What controls the balance between these types of divisions to maintain stem cells at an appropriate level within a given tissue is not yet well known. Discovering the mechanism behind self-renewal may make it possible to understand how cell fate (stem vs. non-stem) is regulated during normal embryonic development and post-natally, or misregulated as during aging, or even in the development of cancer. Breast cancer stem cell signatures, including SOX4, JAG1 and CD49F, were related to sphere-forming efficiency and tumor-forming capability . -, Owen M, Friedenstein AJ. Signals for cell differentiation include factors secreted by other cells, physical contact with neighboring cells, and certain molecules in the microenvironment. Within the heterogeneous population of lung CSCs, we previously identified highly disseminating CD133+CXCR4+ cells able to initiate distant metastasis (metastasis initiating cells-MICs) and to resist conventional chemotherapy. Ciba Found Symp. NLM < R01 DE017449/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States, R01DE017449/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States, R01DE019413/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States, NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program, Prockop DJ. Bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplants have been utilized for over 40 years as therapy for blood disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma, amongst many others. By doing this, the stem cell pool can perpetuate throughout the organism’s life. |

Scientists are beginning to understand the signals that trigger each step of the differentiation process. Ma L, Aijima R, Hoshino Y, Yamaza H, Tomoda E, Tanaka Y, Sonoda S, Song G, Zhao W, Nonaka K, Shi S, Yamaza T. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2012;7(12):e51777. By altering the genes in the adult cells, researchers can reprogram the cells to act similarly to embryonic stem cells. Then mechanisms to differentiate these cells may be applied to generate the cells in need. 2014 Jan;20(1):25-34. doi: 10.1111/odi.12086. Wang L, Li L, Shojaei F, et al. -. At the cellular level, SHED transplantation elevated the ratio of regulatory T cells (Tregs) via Th17 cells.

Scientists have successfully transformed regular adult cells into stem cells using genetic reprogramming. 2020 Jun 19;21(12):4389. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124389.  |  Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates secondary osteoporosis through interleukin-17-impaired functions of recipient bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MRL/lpr mice.

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