In 1582 when the counts of Hoya died out, the larger part of the county went to Calenberg. The principality had separate parliamentary Estates and separate councils for each part.

To burn the lime he had coal mined in the Deister hills. When Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Lüneburg chose the Principality of Calenberg as his part of the inheritance in 1495, he described it as "the land between the River Leine and the Deister". After Danish troops under King Christian IV, who was then commander of the Lower Saxon Circle, was defeated by the general of the Catholic League, Tilly in the Battle of Lutter, Tilly occupied the whole principality in 1626. When Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Lüneburg chose the Principality of Calenberg as his part of the inheritance in 1495, he described it as "the land between the River Leine and the Deister".

Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. In 1400 the Vogtei of Calenberg went to the Wolfenbüttel line of the Welfs.

In an agreement dated 1 August 1483, however, they split the rights of use (Mutschierung).

This geographical description, however, was never totally correct. In a further Welf inheritance in 1432 - the ninth according to Gudrun Pischke - the area was divided again by the Brunswick dukes William the Elder and Henry who had hitherto ruled jointly in Wolfenbüttel. He initially ruled out of occupied Hildesheim, but then moved his residence to Hanover, which he also had built as a fortress. William spent most of his time at Calenberg Castle from where he administered the territory.

The younger son, Frederick the Restless, was awarded the rights of use over Calenberg and Göttingen, and his brother William the Younger was awarded the rule over Wolfenbüttel.

Administratively, this area was initially still called the Vogtei of Lauenrode, after Lauenrode Castle on the outskirts of Hanover, from where, the Welfs ruled the territory.

The younger son, Frederick the Restless, was awarded the rights of use over Calenberg and Göttingen, and his brother William II was awarded the right to use Wolfenbüttel.

In 1635 Duke Augustus the Elder from the Middle House of Lüneburg received the Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen.

Earlier, he had yielded to the Bishop of Hildesheim and accepted the city of Hanover as his fief. [3] In 1705 it was enhanced further by the inheritance of the Principality of Lüneburg, whereby all the estates of the Welfs, apart from the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, became united under the line also known as the House of Hanover from which the British royal throne are descended.

William spent most of his time at Calenberg Castle from where he administered the territory. [3] In 1705 it was enhanced further by the inheritance of the Principality of Lüneburg, whereby all the estates of the Welfs, apart from the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, became united under the line also known as the House of Hanover from which the British royal throne are descended. In 1473 William also inherited the Principality of Wolfenbüttel from his brother who had no sons, but ceded sovereignty over Calenberg to his sons William the Younger and Frederick III, known as "the Restless" or "Turbulentus".

He was not able to reverse the Reformation in the Principality however.

For the period under Eric I and his son, Eric II, however, the name "Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen" was also used a lot.

In the region west of Hanover, the Welfs had but few allodial possessions and so that area was disputed between the House of Welf and the bishops of Hildesheim and Minden. After Eric's death in 1540 she took over the government for their underage son, Eric II, and implemented the Reformation in the Principality with the state superintendent Antonius Corvinus she had appointed. Even the city of Hanover was not governed by the Calenberg princes until 1636 . In 1584 Calenberg also acquired the Diepholz.

Eric II, however, converted to Roman Catholicism in 1547 even though he was raised as an Evangelical by his mother.

The younger son, Eric I received Calenberg and Göttingen and thus founded the Calenberg line of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The Calenberg village of Linden then developed into an industrial town.

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