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Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. People at high risk for severe illness and complications from measles include: Measles is one of the most contagious of all infectious diseases; up to 9 out of 10 susceptible persons with close contact to a measles patient will develop measles. Preferably, the patient should be placed in a room where the exhaust is recirculated with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration. A. Administer postexposure prophylaxis in accordance with CDC and ACIP recommendations. Except in healthcare settings, unvaccinated people who receive their first dose of MMR vaccine within 72 hours after exposure may return to childcare, school, or work. Intramuscular IG (IGIM) should be given to all infants younger than 12 months of age who have been exposed to measles.

Any worker who thinks he or she may have been exposed to measles should take the following precautions: If you are located abroad, contact your employer for help with locating a healthcare provider. Loved it! Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. written documentation of adequate vaccination: one or more doses of a measles-containing vaccine administered on or after the first birthday for preschool-age children and adults not at high risk, two doses of measles-containing vaccine for school-age children and adults at high risk, including college students, healthcare personnel, and international travelers, Infants 6 through 11 months of age should receive one dose of MMR vaccine, Children 12 months of age or older should have documentation of two doses of MMR vaccine (the first dose of MMR vaccine should be administered at age 12 months or older; the second dose no earlier than 28 days after the first dose)*, Teenagers and adults born during or after 1957 without evidence of immunity against measles should have documentation of two doses of MMR vaccine, with the second dose administered no earlier than 28 days after the first dose, 50,000 IU for infants younger than 6 months of age, 100,000 IU for infants 6–11 months of age, 200,000 IU for children 12 months of age and older. Therefore, the second dose of MMR is administered to address primary vaccine failure [1]. Notify HCP in the receiving area of the impending arrival of the patient and of the precautions necessary to prevent transmission. She received her Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) from the University of Tennessee in 2006. People 6 months of age or older who will be traveling internationally should be protected against measles. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends vaccination to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). Measles usually starts with a 2-4 day prodromal illness with fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Tell your doctor that you have received this vaccine: If you are to receive a tuberculin skin test within 8 weeks after receiving this vaccine. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, but fatal degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures that generally develop 7 to 10 years after measles infection. Genotyping is used to map the transmission pathways of measles viruses. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP) standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) also applies to workers who have occupational exposure to human blood, saliva in dental procedures, and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) as defined in the standard. Following the provisions of OSHA’s BBP standard 29 CFR 1910.1030) and routinely following standard precautions, which expand universal precautions that the BBP standard requires, can help protect healthcare workers from potential sources of contact transmission. After receipt of IG, people cannot return to healthcare settings. Please try after some time. Use temporary portable solutions (e.g., exhaust fans) to create a negative pressure environment in the converted area of the facility to create, Discharge air directly to the outside, away from people and air intakes, OR. The MMR vaccine can be used in children age 12 months through 12 years. Because pregnant women might be at higher risk for severe measles and complications, intravenous IG (IGIV) should be administered to pregnant women without evidence of measles immunity who have been exposed to measles. Please help us continue to provide you with our trusted how-to guides and videos for free by whitelisting wikiHow on your ad blocker. Measles (rubeola). Measles virus can remain infectious in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area.

The recommended dose of IGIM is 0.5 mL/kg of body weight (maximum dose = 15 mL) and the recommended dose of IGIV is 400 mg/kg. Please click the button below to continue.

Always wash hands immediately after glove and other PPE removal and before touching the eyes, nose, or mouth, as gloves are not a replacement for hand washing. Avoid all other travel. Immunocompromised patients don't always develop a rash.2, Common complications of measles include otitis media, laryngotracheobronchitis, and diarrhea.3 More serious complications include pneumonia and encephalitis.2, Measles is usually diagnosed based on the patient's history and clinical presentation, but immunoglobulin M antibody testing, polymerase chain reaction testing, or viral culture may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.5.

If you are to receive a tuberculin skin test within 8 weeks after receiving this vaccine. Additionally, avoid sharing cups or utensils with other people in case they're sick. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000462549.44443.37. Trustworthy Source Adhere to Standard Precautions, which are the foundation for preventing transmission of infectious agents in all healthcare settings. Environmental services workers routinely have exposure to potentially infectious body fluids. The rash spreads from the head to the trunk to the lower extremities. There is a chance that this vaccine may cause birth defects. Common complications from measles include otitis media, bronchopneumonia, laryngotracheobronchitis, and diarrhea. Before arrival to a healthcare setting, Instruct Emergency Services to notify the receiving facility/accepting physician in advance when transporting a patient with known or suspected measles. However, known measles transmission has not been reported in scenarios in which exposure risk could be considered low, but is technically not zero, such as in a triage area and transport route within a facility when a suspect measles patient is appropriately identified at entry, masked, and quickly transported to an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR). During a measles outbreak, 2 doses of measles virus-containing vaccine are recommended for all HCP, regardless of year of birth. Travel & Measles Vaccination Case Studies. Rubella was declared eliminated (the absence of endemic transmission for 1… Diaz KT, Smaldone GC. If MMR vaccine is not administered within 72 hours of exposure as PEP, MMR vaccine should still be offered at any interval following exposure to the disease in order to offer protection from future exposures. Washing hands for at least 15 seconds with soap and water is more effective at removing germs, including measles, than using alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs), especially when hands are visibly soiled. As noted in the General Guidance for Employers section, employers should encourage workers to get the MMR vaccine if they are not immune to measles already (i.e., through previous vaccination or having had the virus) and offer the MMR vaccine to workers who are at risk of exposure. Visitors without acceptable presumptive evidence of immunity should not enter the room of a patient with known or suspected measles. ... using respiratory and standard precautions.

This page requires that javascript be enabled for some elements to function correctly. HCP should be medically cleared and fit-tested if using respirators with tight-fitting facepieces (e.g., a NIOSH-certified disposable N95) and trained in proper respirator use, safe removal and disposal, and medical contraindications to use. Implement daily monitoring for signs and symptoms of measles infection for 21 days after the last exposure. Measles is more likely to spread and cause outbreaks in U.S. communities where groups of people are unvaccinated. CDC guidance for travel to measles-affected areas may also help employers and workers in travel-related operations, such as airline crewmembers and cruise line workers, take appropriate precautions. The preferred placement for patients who require airborne precautions is in a single-patient airborne infection isolation room (AIIR).

However measles cases and outbreaks still occur every year in the United States because measles is still commonly transmitted in many parts of the world, including countries in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, the Americas, and Africa. People who are at risk for severe illness and complications from measles, such as infants younger than 12 months of age, pregnant women without evidence of measles immunity, and people with severely compromised immune systems, should receive IG. A less expensive option is to get an MMR vaccination. Even in previously healthy children, measles can cause serious illness requiring hospitalization. Definition of healthcare settings: “Healthcare settings” refers to places where healthcare is delivered and includes, but is not limited to, acute care facilities, long-term acute care facilities, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, nursing homes and assisted living facilities, home healthcare, vehicles where healthcare is delivered (e.g., mobile clinics), and outpatient facilities, such as dialysis centers, physician offices, and others. (2015). One dose of MMR vaccine, or other presumptive evidence of immunity, is sufficient for most adults. If resources allow during a measles outbreak, strongly consider stationing a greeter at the health care facility entrance to distribute masks to persons with febrile rash illness OR fever in combination with at least one of the following: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, or otitis media. Wolters Kluwer Health A respirator is a personal protective device that is worn on the face, covers at least the nose and mouth, and is used to reduce the wearer’s risk of inhaling hazardous airborne particles (including dust particles and infectious agents), gases, or vapors. The following sections provide additional guidance for healthcare, childcare and school, laboratory, and environmental services workers; international travelers; and workers with pregnancy concerns. 30 mins. We know ads can be annoying, but they’re what allow us to make all of wikiHow available for free. Use an EPA-registered disinfectant for healthcare settings, per manufacturer’s instructions. Environmental services workers and their employers should also follow guidance for the settings in which they work. If workers need respirators, use, at a minimum, a NIOSH-certified N95 filtering facepiece respirator as part of a comprehensive respiratory protection program that includes medical exams and fit testing, and that meets the requirements of OSHA's Respiratory Protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134). Utilize existing triage stations for rapid identification and isolation of patients with measles.

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